Final answer:
Heavy metal germicides are available in forms such as ointments and aqueous solutions, and their antimicrobial action is due to the denaturing of proteins, which inhibits enzymatic activity critical for microorganisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Heavy metal germicides come in various forms, including aqueous solutions, ointments, and items with embedded heavy metals.
Heavy metal germicides are known for their antimicrobial properties where metals such as mercury, silver, and copper play a pivotal role. These substances have been used historically as disinfectants and antiseptics. Heavy metals can denature proteins, effectively inhibiting enzymatic activities necessary for the survival of microorganisms. They display oligodynamic action, which means a minute amount can be potent in microbial control. Mercury, for example, forms complexes with sulfur-containing amino acids in proteins, affecting their normal function and is primarily bacteriostatic, with a broad spectrum of activity.
Heavy metal compounds can be formulated into aqueous solutions, such as those used in antiseptic mouthwashes containing zinc chloride. Other applications involve incorporating these metals in products like ointments for topical use on wounds, or embedded in materials like eating utensils or fixtures to prevent microbial growth. It's important to note that while heavy metals are effective for antimicrobial control, their use is limited due to potential toxicity issues such as bioaccumulation, which can lead to harmful effects such as argyria.