Question

Which of the following statements are true regarding the use of stable oxygen isotopes in reconstructing ancient climates?

a. Stable oxygen isotopes can only be found in living organisms.
b. The ratio of oxygen isotopes in water molecules is temperature-dependent.
c. Stable oxygen isotopes are used exclusively in radiometric dating.
d. Stable oxygen isotopes remain constant in the Earth's atmosphere.

Answer 1

Stable oxygen isotopes are used in reconstructing ancient climates. The ratio of oxygen isotopes in water molecules is temperature-dependent, and stable oxygen isotopes are not exclusively used in radiometric dating. Therefore, the most appropriate correct option is B.

Step-by-step explanation:

Stable oxygen isotopes are used in reconstructing ancient climates. The correct statements regarding their use are:

1. Stable oxygen isotopes can only be found in living organisms: This statement is false. Stable oxygen isotopes can be found in both living and non-living components of the Earth's system, such as water and minerals.
2. The ratio of oxygen isotopes in water molecules is temperature-dependent: This statement is true. The ratio of oxygen isotopes in water molecules, specifically the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16, can provide information about past temperatures.
3. Stable oxygen isotopes are used exclusively in radiometric dating: This statement is false. Stable oxygen isotopes are primarily used as climate proxies, not for radiometric dating.
4. Stable oxygen isotopes remain constant in the Earth's atmosphere: This statement is false. The abundance of stable oxygen isotopes in the Earth's atmosphere can vary due to processes such as evaporation and isotopic fractionation.