Final answer:
The soma or cell body of a neuron is the part that receives signals from other cells and is also the neuron's main metabolic region. It contains the nucleus and organelles which are crucial for neuron functionality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neuron Structure and Functions
The part of a neuron that receives signals from other cells and serves as the main metabolic region is known as the soma or cell body. The soma contains the nucleus and most of the neuron's organelles, making it the center for maintaining the neuron's health and functionality. However, it's the dendrites that primarily receive incoming signals from other neurons at the synapses, which are special junctions that allow for neuronal communication. On the other hand, the axon is responsible for transmitting electrical signals away from the neuron's soma to the target cell. This structure can branch out to communicate with multiple target cells, ensuring the propagation of nerve impulses throughout the nervous system.
It's important to note an error that can often arise: the myelin sheath, which provides insulation, is present around the axon, not the dendrites. Dendrites are meant to receive signals and thus, are not myelinated to facilitate this communication process. The neuron has a polarity because information flows in one direction—from dendrites, across the soma, down the axon, and finally to other cells through the axon's terminal.