Final answer:
An acid is a substance that yields hydronium ions (H3O+) when dissolved in water, with hydrochloric acid (HCl) being a prime example of a strong acid. Strong bases, in contrast, yield hydroxide ions (OH−). Theoretical yield and titrant are relevant concepts in reaction stoichiometry and titration, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
A substance that yields H+ or hydronium ions when dissolved in water is called an acid. The formation of hydronium ions in an aqueous solution is a characteristic of acids. A classic example of an acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl). When HCl is dissolved in water, it reacts completely to produce hydronium ions (H3O+), confirming that it is a strong acid. The equation representing this chemical reaction is:
HCl(aq) + H2O(l) → Cl− (aq) + H3O+ (aq)
On the other hand, a strong base is a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH−) when dissolved in water, effectively accepting protons from hydronium ions in a neutralization reaction to form water.
In the context of reaction stoichiometry, the amount of product that can theoretically be produced from given reactants is called the theoretical yield. And during titration, a titrant solution with a known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an analyte in a solution by observing the reaction between the two.