Final answer:
The new phosphodiester bonds during DNA synthesis are formed at the 3' hydroxyl group of the growing strand, not the 5' group, making the initial statement false.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that new phosphodiester bonds are formed at the growing strand's 5' Hydroxyl Group is FALSE. DNA synthesis occurs in the 5' to 3' direction, whereby nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing strand, using the 3' hydroxyl (OH) group to form new phosphodiester bonds with the incoming 5' phosphate of a nucleotide triphosphate.
The process ensures an antiparallel structure with the complementary strand, which runs in the 3' to 5' direction. The formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides is crucial for the polymerization of nucleic acids. These bonds are formed between the phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group of the 3' carbon in the next nucleotide.