Final answer:
Loss of fluid above the pylorus results in hypochloremic alkalosis, which is caused by the excessive loss of hydrochloric acid from gastric juice due to vomiting or obstructions, and can be influenced by conditions like Cushing's syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The loss of fluid above the pylorus results in hypochloremic alkalosis. This condition arises when there is an excessive loss of hydrochloric acid through gastric juice from vomiting or due to pyloric or duodenal obstruction. In the absence of this acid, the chloride levels drop (hypochloremia), and the body experiences a state of heightened alkalinity (alkalosis).
The pylorus functions as a regulator, ensuring that chyme is released into the small intestine in controlled, small quantities to prevent the duodenum from being overwhelmed and to allow proper mixing with bile and pancreatic juices for chemical digestion. The loss of gastric fluids which contain hydrochloric acid, not only disrupts this digestive balance but can also lead to significant shifts in the body's electrolyte and pH balance. Conditions such as Cushing's syndrome can also contribute to hypochloremic alkalosis due to the effect of hormones such as cortisol or ACTH.