Final answer:
Individuals with AB+ blood type are known as universal recipients due to the absence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma and the presence of both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, allowing them to receive all ABO and Rh blood types.
Step-by-step explanation:
Individuals with the AB+ blood type are known as universal recipients because they uniquely possess both A and B antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes, which means they do not produce anti-A or anti-B antibodies. This lack of antibodies in their plasma allows them to receive blood from any ABO blood type without the risk of an adverse immune response. Additionally, as Rh positive individuals (denoted by the '+'), they can receive blood from donors who are Rh positive or Rh negative, further cementing their status as universal recipients.
It's important to note that while type AB+ individuals can accept any blood type, donated blood still contains antibodies that could have negative implications. This detail emphasizes that while AB+ is the universal recipient blood type in theory, in practice, transfusions are carefully matched to reduce the risk of complications. The discovery of the ABO blood groups by Karl Landsteiner further highlights the complexity and importance of safe blood transfusion practices.