Final answer:
The most abundant and potent glucocorticoid is cortisol, which has key roles in gluconeogenesis, stress response, and anti-inflammatory effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most abundant and potent glucocorticoid is cortisol. Cortisol is produced in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex and is vital for maintaining glucose homeostasis. It stimulates the synthesis of glucose and gluconeogenesis by liver cells, promotes the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue, and increases blood glucose levels. It is secreted in response to Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland, and its levels in the body are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. In addition to its metabolic effects, cortisol plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress by favoring catabolism to produce energy and has potent anti-inflammatory properties, which can suppress the immune system.