Final answer:
The Muslim League was formed in 1906 to advocate for independence from British rule for a Muslim-majority nation-state called 'Pakistan'. It led to the partition of India into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan in 1947, which included both present-day Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Step-by-step explanation:
In 1906, the Muslim League was formed to advocate for independence from British rule in a Muslim-majority nation-state called "Pakistan." The League played a crucial role in the formation of Pakistan, a predominantly Muslim state for South Asian Muslims, during the end of British colonialism in South Asia in 1947. The demand for a separate Muslim state led to the establishment of two physically separate regions united politically: East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (the current Pakistan).
Religious tensions and the anticipation of Hindu dominance in government post-independence led Muslims to fear oppression, which fueled the demand for this separate nation. The Muslim League, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, envisioned a 'Pure Land' for Muslims, which would later be established as the Islamic republic of Pakistan in 1956, adopting its constitution.
This new nation was envisaged to protect the interests of Muslims in the subcontinent, as opposed to the Hindu majority's dominance. When British withdrawal was announced, it culminated in the partition of the territory into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan, including both the western part (present-day Pakistan) and the eastern region (present-day Bangladesh). The separation caused massive displacement and violence, but eventually led to Pakistan and Bangladesh becoming separate sovereign states.