The formation of the Himalayas and Hindu Kush is called orogeny, resulting from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. This geological process has created the world's highest mountain ranges and causes annual elevation increase and seismic activity in the region.
The Himalayas and Hindu Kush mountain ranges were formed from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, a process known as orogeny. This collision, a type of continent-continent convergent boundary, began around 70 million years ago and continues to impact the region's geography and seismic activity today.
The pressure exerted by the tectonic plates pushes the land upwards, resulting in the elevation increase in the Himalayas by one to five millimeters each year and playing a significant role in the occurrence of tremors and destructive earthquakes in South Asia.
While forming some of the highest mountain ranges in the world, these geological formations also serve as a natural boundary separating India and China, with political repercussions in the form of territorial disputes in regions like Kashmir. The formation of such mountain ranges is common to Earth's tectonic history, as seen with the Alps, resulting from the collision of the African and Eurasian plates, and the formation of large sedimentary basins such as the Persian Gulf due to similar tectonic pressures.