Final answer:
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition and cementing of particles that originate from the weathering of pre-existing rocks or from chemical precipitation. Clastic sedimentary rocks, like sandstone and mudstone, are made of fragments cemented together, while non-clastic rocks, such as limestone, come from precipitated materials.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of rock that contains debris cemented from pre-existing rocks is known as sedimentary rock. These rocks are formed from the accumulation of particles that settle out of water or air, known as clastic rocks, such as sandstone and mudstone, or from chemicals that precipitate from solutions, known as non-clastic rocks, such as limestone and salt.
Organic material, like the shells of living organisms, can also contribute to the composition of sedimentary rocks. Clastic rocks are composed of fragments or clasts, which include both minerals and other rock debris that have been transported and deposited by wind or water.
Igneous rocks weather down into small particles, which then may be transported by natural forces such as wind or water. Once these particles come to rest, they undergo a process known as lithification, where they are cemented together to form new rock.
Sedimentary rocks are typically layered or stratified, reflecting the varying conditions of deposition over time. Examples of sedimentary rock include sandstone, which is made up of sand-sized particles, and shale, which is composed of finer silt or clay particles.