Final answer:
Jet streams are narrow bands of high-velocity winds that flow from west to east at high altitudes. They are formed by temperature differences and play a significant role in weather patterns and aircraft flight paths. Jet streams can reach speeds of up to 400 kilometers per hour and impact the development of storms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jet streams are relatively narrow bands of high-velocity winds that flow from west to east at high altitudes. They are found in the upper levels of the Earth's atmosphere. Jet streams are typically located between 9 and 16 kilometers (5.6 and 9.9 miles) above the Earth's surface. These winds blow from west to east due to the Earth's rotation, and they play a significant role in shaping weather patterns and affecting the flight paths of aircraft.
Jet streams are formed by the temperature differences between regions at high altitudes. The polar jet stream, for example, is caused by the temperature contrast between cold polar air and warmer air from the mid-latitudes. Similarly, the subtropical jet stream is formed by the contrast between warm tropical air and cooler air from the mid-latitudes.
Jet streams can reach speeds of up to 400 kilometers per hour (250 miles per hour). They can have a significant impact on weather systems, as they can both enhance and inhibit the development of storms. For example, the polar jet stream can help strengthen and guide storms, while the subtropical jet stream can provide a barrier that inhibits storm development.