Final answer:
Archaeopteryx fossils are found exclusively in the Upper Jurassic of Germany and provide evidence for the evolution of birds from dinosaurs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fossils of Archaeopteryx, a transitional species between dinosaurs and modern birds, have been found exclusively in the Upper Jurassic sedimentary rocks of Germany. This prehistoric creature showcased both reptilian and avian features, such as thecodont teeth, similar to those found in dinosaurs, and developed flight feathers akin to those of current birds. Dated to approximately 150 million years ago, the Archaeopteryx fossils offer invaluable insight into the evolution of birds from dinosaurian ancestors and are vital in understanding the biodiversity and ecological dynamics of the late Jurassic period.
The final answer to the question is B. Upper Jurassic of Germany, as Archaeopteryx fossils have been discovered there, revealing their origin from the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, specifically the Jurassic, which was a substantial epoch in the age of reptiles.