Final answer:
Macroevolution is the term for evolutionary changes that occur at or above the species level over many generations, which can lead to the emergence of new species through the process of speciation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Evolution that occurs above the species level is usually called macroevolution. It refers to evolutionary change that happens at or above the level of species, generally spanning many generations. One of the significant aspects of macroevolution is understanding how new species come about, a process known as speciation. Speciation, the evolution of a new species, is one of the main phenomena observed when studying macroevolution. In contrast to microevolution, which describes small, incremental evolutionary changes within a species or populations, macroevolution observes the grand-scale changes that lead to the emergence and diversification of new species. This kind of evolution is evident in the fossil record and results from accumulative microevolutionary changes over considerable periods, often over geologic time scales.