Final answer:
Executory costs encompass maintenance, property taxes, and insurance, all essential recurring expenses associated with owning an asset. They are necessary expenditures for preserving the value and functionality over the asset's life. Therefore, the correct answer is 'd. all of these.'
Step-by-step explanation:
Executory costs are expenses related to the maintenance and preservation of an asset over its useful life. These costs can include a wide range of expenditures such as maintenance, property taxes, and insurance. Specifically, maintenance costs refer to expenses for repairs and upkeep necessary to keep an asset in working condition. Property taxes are levied by local governments based on the assessed value of the property and are considered a form of executory cost since they are ongoing expenses during the ownership of the asset. Insurance costs are premiums paid to protect the value of the asset against risks, such as fire, theft, or other damage. Collectively, these costs are essential components of owning and managing an asset.
When you are considering executory costs, you should be aware that they include all of these aforementioned expenses. Therefore, the correct answer to the question, 'Executory costs include maintenance, property taxes, insurance, all of these, or none of the above?' is d. all of these.