Final answer:
The Apgar test assesses a newborn's transition from fetal to postnatal life, evaluating five criteria including respiratory effort and is scored at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. A stethoscope is used to measure heart rate, and the comprehensive scoring determines the necessity for medical assistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Apgar Score
The Apgar test is a simple assessment given to a newborn immediately after birth to evaluate its transition from the uterus to the outside world. The test is carried out by healthcare providers, such as an obstetrician, midwife, or nurse, to assess the newborn's homeostasis and overall wellbeing. The scoring is based on five criteria, namely appearance (skin color), pulse (heart rate), grimace (reflex), activity (muscle tone), and respiration. Each criterion is given a score of 0, 1, or 2 at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth.
Specifically for respiratory effort, the Apgar score assesses the newborn's ability to breathe well and regularly. If the baby is breathing well, crying vigorously, and has a good color, they are likely to score higher. The assessment is painless for the newborn and only requires a stethoscope for the heart rate evaluation. High scores indicate a smooth transition, while lower scores may suggest the need for medical attention. Scores of 8 or above are typically considered normal, whereas a score below 7 may demand medical intervention.