Final answer:
Sperm count and motility can be affected by varicocele, blockages in the male reproductive tract, and the process of capacitation in the female reproductive tract. Both sperm count and motility tend to decrease with age. Older men may experience a decline in sperm quantity and movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sperm count and motility can be affected by several factors. One common cause is the enlargement of blood vessels in the scrotum called varicocele, which can raise the temperature of the testes and negatively impact sperm production. Blockages in the male reproductive tract can also prevent sperm from being ejaculated. Additionally, the process of capacitation, which occurs in the female reproductive tract, plays a role in improving sperm motility and preparing them for fertilization.
Elevated testicular temperature, such as from hot baths or tight underwear, can temporarily reduce sperm motility. Prolonged exposure to environmental toxins, pesticides, or industrial chemicals may affect sperm quality. Disorders affecting hormones, such as testosterone or thyroid hormones, can influence sperm parameters. Some medications, including certain antibiotics, antifungals, and chemotherapy drugs, may affect sperm production or motility. It's important to note that individual responses to these factors can vary, and addressing any concerns about fertility should involve consultation with a healthcare professional or a reproductive specialist. Lifestyle changes, medical interventions, or assisted reproductive technologies may be considered based on the specific circumstances.