Final answer:
Neurons process signals at the axon hillock, generating an action potential that travels down the insulated axon to communicate via axon terminals with other cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the location of an axon in a neuron, the neuron integrates signals at the axon hillock, which is a specialized junction between the cell body and the axon, responsible for initiating the action potential that travels along the axon.
The axon itself is a long, tube-like structure that transmits electrical signals to the axon terminals. These signals then cause the release of neurotransmitters that communicate with other neurons or with muscle or gland cells. Myelin, produced by glial cells, insulates many axons to speed up signal transmission, while the nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate signal recharging as it travels.