Final answer:
Long-term memory is divided into two types: explicit memory, which includes episodic and semantic memories, and implicit memory, which includes procedural memory and conditioned learning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long-term memory (LTM) is the extended period storage of information and is believed to have an unlimited capacity. The two major breakdowns of long-term memory are explicit memory and implicit memory. Explicit memory relates to memories that we consciously consider and can declare. This type of memory can be further divided into episodic memory, which pertains to personal experiences, and semantic memory, which includes facts and knowledge. On the other hand, implicit memory occurs without conscious thought and includes procedural memory that involves skills and tasks, as well as things we learn through conditioning such as emotional responses.
Explicit memory relies heavily on the medial temporal lobe including the hippocampus for converting short-term memories into long-term memories. The implicit memory's procedural aspects, such as how to ride a bike, are not dependent on the hippocampus and are less likely to be affected by amnesia that impairs explicit memory consolidation.