Final answer:
The Federalists in Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798 to limit immigration and restrict free speech during tensions with France.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the troubles with France, it was the Federalists in Congress who passed laws to limit immigration and restrict free speech. Amidst the Quasi-War with France and fearing the influence of pro-French sentiments within the United States, the Federalists enacted the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798. These four controversial laws targeted immigrants who were seen as potential French collaborators and also aimed to suppress the Republican press, curtailing the freedom of speech. Opponents, most notably the Republicans, fiercely resisted these acts, which led to significant political debate and controversy.