Final answer:
The term that refers to the startup of new operations is a Greenfield investment. This involves starting completely new facilities in a foreign country from scratch, different from partnerships or acquisitions of existing entities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to the startup of new operations is E. Greenfield investment. A Greenfield investment is when a company starts a new operation in a foreign country from the ground up, building its facilities entirely from scratch. Unlike other options like joint ventures (A), equity stakes (B), full ownership (D) through existing company acquisitions, Greenfield investment involves the establishment of entirely new operations in a target market.
Venture capitalists and angel investors often play a role in financing startups and new operations, especially in the early stages when a company may face a lack of profitability and choose not to raise funds through debt issuance due to the required interest payments. Despite the inherent risk associated with startups, these investors offer not only capital but also guidance and mentoring to the company's managers based on their close relationship and understanding of the business plan.