Final answer:
The U.S. technology alliance formed to sustain the domestic chip industry's market share against Japan is Sematech. Established in 1987, it is a collaborative venture aimed at maintaining the competitive edge of U.S. semiconductor production. (option C)
Step-by-step explanation:
The U.S. technology alliance created to prevent the U.S. chip industry from losing market share to Japan is Sematech. This consortium was established in 1987 as a partnership between the United States government and several U.S. semiconductor companies. The aim of Sematech was to tackle challenges in semiconductor manufacturing, enable competitive production in the U.S., and counterbalance the growing strength of the Japanese semiconductor industry.
Large global market competition has encouraged firms to innovate and become more responsive to what consumers desire. For example, in the automotive industry, the competitive pressure from East Asian and European carmakers has led to marked improvements in the quality of vehicles produced by American car manufacturers like General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler.