Final answer:
The equation 'Power = Rank' applies to stratified and centralized societies where social status directly influences one's authority, as seen in aristocracies, caste systems, and the concept of the power elite.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'Power = Rank' is predominantly true in societies that are highly stratified and centralized, where power is closely associated with one's social status and position within a hierarchy. Such societies typically include aristocracies, caste systems, and those with a well-defined class system. In aristocracies, power is concentrated in the hands of a few elite members, often determined by heredity and lineage. Similarly, caste systems dictate social standing and thus power by birthright, with little opportunity for movement between castes.
In state societies, which are large, stratified, multiethnic societies with highly centralized leadership and bureaucracies, power is conferred upon those who hold specific positions within the government or military. The concept of a power elite, as described by sociologist C. Wright Mills, also alludes to a small group of wealthy and influential individuals at the top of society who hold power, including wealthy executives, politicians, and military leaders.