Final answer:
n order to solve the aperture problem, complex cells must integrate information downstream. This pooling of info may occur in the visual cortex, specifically in the primary visual cortex (V1).
Step-by-step explanation:
The aperture problem refers to the phenomenon in visual neuroscience where a moving object viewed through a small aperture (or, in the eye's case, the small receptive fields of neurons) provides ambiguous information about the true direction of motion. To resolve this, complex cells in the visual cortex combine the motion signals from several simple cells that are sensitive to different orientations. This integration helps in understanding the actual movement by combining various motion-related inputs.
Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response are processes that, while important in many aspects of cellular signaling and physiology, are not directly related to the aperture problem, which is specifically a visual process.