Final answer:
The transient cells of the proprioceptive system are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, responsible for detecting muscle stretch and tension to inform the cerebellum for coordinated movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transient cells of the proprioceptive system are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs. These special receptors are responsible for sensing the stretch and tension in our muscles and tendons, respectively, which informs our brain about our body's orientation and movement.
Muscle spindles detect changes in muscle length, thus providing key information for the proprioceptive sense about how parts of the body are oriented in space. Meanwhile, Golgi tendon organs are tension receptors that inform the central nervous system about the force of muscle contractions. Together, they play a crucial role in our ability to perform coordinated movements without directly looking at our limbs.
These proprioceptive signals are relayed from the limbs to the cerebellum via the spinal cord. The cerebellum then uses this information to coordinate muscle activity. This system is essential for maintaining balance, posture, and other motor functions, which can even be tested through clinical exams such as the Romberg test, highlighting the importance of proprioception in our daily lives.