Final answer:
The hindbrain differentiates into the medulla oblongata, which controls autonomic functions, the pons, which is involved in sleep and respiratory regulation, and the cerebellum, which is responsible for movement coordination and balance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hindbrain differentiates into three important structures during development: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum. The medulla oblongata is part of the brain stem responsible for controlling autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate. The pons serves as a bridge between various parts of the nervous system and plays a crucial role in regulating sleep and respiration. The cerebellum, also developing from the metencephalon, is significant for coordinating movement and balance as well as cognitive processes like learning and language.
The pons forms a crucial part of the brainstem, connecting to the cerebellum and mediating various functions such as arousal, control of autonomic functions, and the relay of sensory information. The cerebellum, which accounts for approximately 10% of the brain's mass, is responsible for the fine-tuning of motor activity, balance, posture, and is also involved in some cognitive functions. The myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata, another part of the brainstem, which carries out essential life-sustaining functions like the control of heart rate and breathing, and reflexes such as coughing and swallowing.