Final answer:
Topographic mapping is the process that preserves the spatial relationships of the visual field on the retina as it is conveyed through the visual pathway to the cortex, ensuring a correct final perception.
Step-by-step explanation:
The topological map that preserves spatial relationships found on the Retina is known as topographic mapping. This process demonstrates how the visual field projects onto the retina through the lenses as an inverted, reversed image, and how this topography is maintained as the visual information travels through the visual pathway to the cortex. The right visual field is processed in the left visual cortex, and the left visual field is processed in the right visual cortex. Light from the superior visual field falls on the inferior retina, and vice versa, and this relationship is preserved up to the visual cortex. The foveal region of the retina sends information to the center of the primary visual cortex, while peripheral vision information is processed toward the visual cortex's edges.