Final answer:
The first step in a general tactical decision-making model is recognizing and defining the problem, which allows for the clear articulation of the problem before exploring solutions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first step in a general tactical decision-making model is recognizing and defining the problem. This step is crucial because it sets the stage for the entire decision-making process. Once the problem is clearly articulated, the decision-maker can move on to the subsequent steps, such as identifying feasible alternatives, assessing costs and benefits, and considering qualitative factors. Understanding the importance of a problem statement is akin to mapping out a journey before setting out: it directs the subsequent action and ensures resources are used effectively.
Another decision-making process is to conduct a cost/benefit analysis. This technique helps in comparing the sacrifices against the gains. By examining marginal costs—the additional cost of adding one more unit—and marginal benefits—the additional benefit of adding that unit, clearer decisions can be made. Notably, in this analysis, costs encompass money, effort, and other sacrifices, while benefits include improvements in terms of money, time, experience, and others.