Final answer:
The gravitational force on a meteoroid would be less if the meteoroid had less mass, and similarly, if Earth had less mass, the force it exerts would also decrease, following Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation. Experiments like the Cavendish experiment and gravitational simulations support this understanding.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a meteoroid had less mass, the gravitational force it experiences due to Earth's gravity would be less, because gravitational force depends directly on the mass of both interacting objects. Similarly, if the Earth had less mass, the gravitational force it exerts on objects would also decrease. This relationship is governed by Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, which states that the force of gravity is proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Previous experiments, such as the Cavendish experiment, provide evidence for this relationship by measuring the gravitational force between two masses and demonstrating that it is proportional to their product. Additionally, simulations that allow parameters like mass to be varied can show how the gravitational force changes in response to those variations.
One's mass remains constant regardless of location, whether on Earth, the moon, or in space. However, weight, which represents the gravitational force on an object, will change depending on the local gravitational field. For example, on the moon, where the gravitational force is weaker, one would weigh less than on Earth.