Final answer:
Ashoka the Great was a Mauryan emperor who reigned from 268 to 232 BCE and became renowned for embracing Buddhism and non-violence following the battle of Kalinga. He instituted reforms for the welfare of his subjects, such as building hospitals and promoting the moral teachings of Buddhism through the Pillars of Ashoka. His conversion to Buddhism and subsequent policies had lasting influences on Indian history and culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
Biographical Sketch of Ashoka the Great
Ashoka the Great, who reigned from 268 to 232 BCE, is remembered for his transformation from a merciless ruler to a champion of peace and Buddhism. The battle of Kalinga around 260 BCE was a turning point in his life, where the massive bloodshed and loss of life led to his profound remorse and subsequent adoption of Buddhism. He then initiated widespread reforms to promote well-being and non-violence across his empire.
Ashoka's policies were transformative, including the promotion of public health by constructing hospitals, enhancing travel conditions by setting up rest-houses and road infrastructure, and advocating for the welfare of the poor and disenfranchised. His commitment to Buddhism extended beyond India's borders, as he supported missionary efforts to spread Buddhist ideology to other regions such as Sri Lanka.
The Pillars of Ashoka are enduring symbols of his reign. These edicts, inscribed on stone, conveyed his commitment to ruling with compassion and concern for the happiness of his subjects. The pillars fostered unity and awareness of his leadership throughout the empire. Ashoka's profound influence also touched the world of art and architecture. His strong cultural shift towards non-violence and peace crafted a legacy that has impacted historical perspectives on rule and governance in Classical India.