Final answer:
The un-submerged parts of the continental shelf surrounded by water are known as continents or large islands. Instances include New Zealand and New Guinea, with New Zealand having significant exclusive economic rights in its surrounding oceanic zone.
Step-by-step explanation:
The un-submerged parts of the continental shelf entirely surrounded by water, such as New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, and the main islands of Fiji, are known as continents or large islands that are not part of a continent's mainland. These landmasses are often situated on the continental shelf, which is the submerged portion of a continent's crust in shallow water extending from the shoreline to the shelf break. Typically, these areas have a rich variety of geographic features such as rugged coastlines, fjords, and volcanic mountains due to their position on tectonic plates and their historical geology, like the Pacific Islands sitting on the edge of the Australian tectonic plate, once part of the supercontinent Gondwanaland.
For instance, New Zealand, which consists of the North and South Islands along with a number of smaller islands, is known for its dramatic landscapes and considerable exclusive economic zone. Both its physical geography and economic importance are tied to its position on the continental shelf and its coastlines that mark the transition from continental to open ocean environments.