Final answer:
In the late nineteenth century, there was a wave of colonization, particularly in Africa, characterized by exploitation for economic gain and control. Indigenous cultures and peoples were severely affected, and colonialism had far-reaching consequences. This period of colonization ended by the mid-twentieth century.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the late nineteenth century, there was a wave of colonization in various parts of the world, including Africa. This period of colonization is often referred to as exploitation colonialism, where European powers sought to exploit the resources and labor of the colonies for their own economic gain and control. While New Zealand was not part of this wave of colonization, many other African countries experienced this form of colonialism.
The colonial relationship during this period was characterized by extraction of raw materials from the colonies using cheap Indigenous labor, which were then transformed into goods and sold back to the colonies at a profit. Indigenous cultures and peoples suffered greatly as their lands were taken, and they were subjected to forced labor, displacement, and loss of autonomy. European powers justified their actions with the notion of spreading civilization, but the main goal was power and control over the colonies.
This period of colonization ended by the mid-twentieth century, as colonial empires became increasingly unsustainable and the European powers faced other challenges. Colonialism had a profound impact on the world, leaving lasting effects on the economies, cultures, and societies of the colonized countries.