Final answer:
A decomposition reaction breaks down a compound into simpler substances, as demonstrated by the thermal decomposition of N₂O₅, which produces NO₂ and O₂.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of decomposition reactions in chemistry involves breaking down a compound into two or more simpler substances. A classic example of such a reaction is the thermal decomposition of gaseous nitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅) into nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and oxygen (O₂). The reaction can be represented by the following chemical equation:
2N₂O₅ (g) → 4NO₂(g) + O₂(g)
This reaction demonstrates how a more complex molecule is decomposed into simpler molecules upon the application of heat, which is a process known as thermal decomposition. The bonds between the components of the larger molecule are broken, leading to the formation of smaller products. It is important to recognize that decomposition reactions can involve the formation of elements, other compounds, or a mixture of both.