Final answer:
The genetic traits of children from a blue-eyed, dimpled chinned man and a woman homozygous recessive for both traits depend on the man's genotype. If he's homozygous for cleft chin, all children will inherit it. For an X-linked trait, all male children would express the trait if the mother is homozygous recessive.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the genetic inheritance of traits such as cleft chin and eye color, it's important to understand the underlying genetics. If a blue-eyed, dimpled chinned man (whose father lacked a dimple) and a woman who is homozygous recessive for both traits have children, the offspring's traits will depend on the alleles each parent carries.
For cleft chin, if the man is homozygous (BB) for the cleft chin, all his offspring will also have a cleft chin. If he is heterozygous (Bb), there is a 50% chance for each child to inherit a cleft chin (Bb) and a 50% chance for a smooth chin (bb) since the woman has a smooth chin.
When it comes to X-linked traits, a woman who is homozygous recessive for an X-linked trait will pass the trait to all of her male offspring. For example, if a trait is X-linked and both the mother is homozygous recessive (xx) and the father is normal (XY), all their sons would express the trait (xY), while the daughters will be carriers (Xx).
Therefore, in the example of the blue-eyed, dimpled chinned man and the homozygous recessive woman, to determine the exact phenotype of their children, the genotype of the man for both traits would need to be known. If we are discussing color blindness or another X-linked trait, any male children would definitely express the trait if the mother is homozygous recessive.