Final answer:
Ethiopia's governmental structure has evolved from the monarchy under Emperor Haile Selassie, through a socialist one-party state period, to the current federal democratic republic established in 1995.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethiopian Governmental Structure Changes from Haile Selassie to Federal Structure
Starting with the regime of Emperor Haile Selassie, who ruled from 1930 to 1974, Ethiopia underwent significant changes in its governmental structures. After Haile Selassie was deposed, Ethiopia transitioned from a monarchy to a socialist, one-party state known as the Derg, which lasted until 1991. Throughout these times, Ethiopia faced massive internal and external challenges, including uprisings, a war with Somalia, civil unrest, and devastating famines.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the one-party communist structure of Ethiopia gave way to a federal structure. Following a period of transitional government, Ethiopia's first multiparty elections took place in 1995, marking the beginning of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. The current federal system is comprised of regional states based on ethnic lines, a system that seeks to give autonomy and a voice to the diverse ethnic groups within the country.
These transitions from monarchy to socialist state to a federal republic reflect the complex history of this African nation, which has spanned periods of monarchy, foreign occupation, and efforts at modern nation-building. Today, Ethiopia continues to face challenges as it manages its federal structure and diverse population.