Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Question 1:
To compare the amount of thermal energy needed to change a 10 gram sample of water from 10°C to another 10 gram sample of water at 20°C, we can use the equation Q = mcΔT, where Q represents the amount of thermal energy, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Given:
- Mass of water = 10 grams
- Change in temperature (ΔT) for the first sample = 10°C (from 10°C to 20°C)
- Specific heat capacity of water (c) = 4.18 J/g°C (approximately)
Calculations:
Q = mcΔT
For the first sample:
Q1 = (10 g) * (4.18 J/g°C) * (10°C)
Q1 = 418 J
For the second sample, since the change in temperature is 0°C (no change):
Q2 = (10 g) * (4.18 J/g°C) * (0°C)
Q2 = 0 J
Step-by-step explanation:
The calculation shows that to change a 10 gram sample of water from 10°C to 20°C, 418 joules (J) of thermal energy are required. However, when the temperature does not change (from 10°C to 10°C), no additional thermal energy is needed.
Question 2:
To determine the amount of thermal energy needed to change a 20 gram sample of aluminum and a 20 gram sample of copper, both by 10°C, we can use the equation Q = mcΔT, where Q represents the amount of thermal energy, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Given:
- Mass of aluminum = 20 grams
- Mass of copper = 20 grams
- Change in temperature (ΔT) for both samples = 10°C
- Specific heat capacity of aluminum (c) = 0.897 J/g°C (approximately)
- Specific heat capacity of copper (c) = 0.386 J/g°C (approximately)
Calculations:
For the aluminum sample:
Q1 = (20 g) * (0.897 J/g°C) * (10°C)
Q1 = 179.4 J
For the copper sample:
Q2 = (20 g) * (0.386 J/g°C) * (10°C)
Q2 = 77.2 J
Step-by-step explanation:
The calculations show that to change a 20 gram sample of aluminum by 10°C, 179.4 joules (J) of thermal energy are needed. On the other hand, to change a 20 gram sample of copper by the same 10°C, only 77.2 joules (J) of thermal energy are needed. This indicates that aluminum requires more thermal energy than copper to undergo the same temperature change due to their different specific heat capacities.
I hope this helps! If you have any further questions, feel free to ask.