Final answer:
Cognitive psychology is the area of psychology that concentrates on internal mental processes like learning, perception, and memory. It emerged as a significant field during the cognitive revolution of the 1950s and is deeply integrated across various psychological disciplines.
Step-by-step explanation:
The school of psychology that focuses on internal mental processes, including learning, perception, and memory retention, is cognitive psychology. This branch of psychology emphasizes the study of how people think and how they process information that underlies behaviors. Cognitive psychologists investigate various cognitive processes, such as attention, problem-solving, language, and memory.
It is a comprehensive field that often involves interdisciplinary collaboration and is integral in many other subfields of psychology, such as sensation and perception, lifespan development, and social psychology. Cognitive psychology became particularly prominent during the cognitive revolution of the 1950s and continues to be influential in our understanding of the human mind and behavior.