Final answer:
Respiration is the biological process that involves the exchange of gases between the body and the atmosphere, specifically breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide primarily through the lungs and alveoli.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the body is known as respiration. This vital function involves two key components: ventilation or breathing, which is the physical process of moving air into and out of the lungs, and gas exchange, which is where the actual transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the bloodstream and the lungs. The alveoli are small sacs within the lungs where this gas exchange takes place, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled into the atmosphere.
During respiration, not only does gas exchange happen via the lungs and alveoli, but it also occurs at a cellular level. Cellular respiration is a metabolic process where cells generate energy by breaking down glucose with the use of oxygen. This process also results in the release of carbon dioxide, which is then removed from the body through the respiratory system.