Final answer:
The osmotic pressure (Π) of a 2.36 M aqueous solution of urea (NH2CONH2) at 31.0 °C is 182.56 atm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The osmotic pressure (Π) of a solution can be calculated using the formula II = MRT, where II is the osmotic pressure in atm, M is the concentration in mol/L, R is the gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol)), and T is the temperature in Kelvin. To calculate the osmotic pressure of the 2.36 M aqueous solution of urea (NH2CONH2) at 31.0 °C, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin (31.0 + 273 = 304 K) and plug in the values in the formula:
II = (2.36 mol/L) × (0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol)) × (304 K) = 182.56 atm.