Question

List 5 medical abnormalities that can arise from abnormal structure/function of chromosomal elements during cell division.

Answer 1

Chromosomal anomalies during cell division can lead to various medical conditions, such as Down syndrome, Cri-du-chat syndrome, chronic myeloid leukemia, and others, often causing dramatic and sometimes fatal results.

Step-by-step explanation:

List of 5 Medical Abnormalities from Chromosomal Anomalies

There are various types of chromosomal abnormalities that can occur during cell division, particularly meiosis, which can lead to different medical conditions. Here are five:

1. Nondisjunction - This leads to an abnormal number of chromosomes. For instance, Down syndrome results from an extra copy of chromosome 21.
2. Deletion - Part of a chromosome is missing, which can cause disorders like Cri-du-chat syndrome, where a piece of chromosome 5 is deleted.
3. Duplication - A segment of a chromosome is repeated, potentially leading to genetic disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
4. Inversion - A chromosome segment breaks off, flips around, and reattaches, which may result in problems if it disrupts important genes.
5. Translocations - Segments from two different chromosomes are exchanged. An example is the Philadelphia chromosome, associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Each of these abnormalities can have a broad range of effects, from physical and mental abnormalities to genetic imbalances and increased risk for certain cancers.