Final answer:
Deng Xiaoping modernized China through economic reforms known as the "Four Modernizations," the introduction of elements of capitalism, opening the country up to foreign investment, and reforms in foreign policy, which improved the standard of living and solidified China's place as a global economic powerhouse.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deng Xiaoping led China to become a more modern country by implementing a series of bold economic reforms and opening China up to the global market. Recognizing that its economic system needed modernization to compete internationally, Deng launched the "Four Modernizations" in agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology.
He dismantled collective farms and allowed entrepreneurs to start their own businesses, opened the country to foreign investment, and encouraged foreign companies to set up Chinese branches.
In the 1980s and 1990s, elements of capitalism were introduced to the traditionally communist country, with private management permitted in many state industries, while the largest industries remained under government control. This, in turn, led to improved incomes and a higher standard of living.
In addition to economic changes, Deng made alterations in foreign policy, reducing support for revolutionary activities abroad and improving relations with countries like the Soviet Union. Deng Xiaoping's reforms have been crucial in transforming China into an economic powerhouse and creating a burgeoning middle class, contributing significantly to the global economy.