Final answer:
A rise in fundamentalism is typically observed when there are many changes in society, serving as a counterbalance to shifts in morality and traditional values.
Step-by-step explanation:
A rise in fundamentalism is often seen when there are many changes in society. This can be observed through various historical movements such as the Second Great Awakening in the United States, where significant social and economic changes led to a religious revival. The rise of fundamentalism can serve as a reaction to the perceived moral decline due to relativism and materialism, as people seek stability in traditional religious principles. Additionally, in times of upheaval, whether it be due to migrations, wars, or other society-wide changes, there are shifts in religious affiliations and practices. This is particularly evident in the context of Islamic fundamentalism, which often resists democratic reforms and Western influences, and instead promotes a strict adherence to traditional Islamic teachings in response to cultural and societal transformations.