Question

Distinguish between short-term and long-term memory (pp. 401-403).

A) Short-term memory is the ability to recall information over a long period, while long-term memory is for immediate, temporary recall.
B) Short-term memory involves holding a small amount of information briefly, while long-term memory is the storage of information over an extended period.
C) Short-term memory is the storage of information for life, while long-term memory is only for short, temporary retention.
D) Short-term memory and long-term memory are essentially the same and can be used interchangeably.

Answer 1

Short-term memory involves briefly holding a small amount of information, whereas long-term memory involves storing information for prolonged periods, with virtually unlimited capacity.

Step-by-step explanation:

The correct answer is B) Short-term memory involves holding a small amount of information briefly, while long-term memory is the storage of information over an extended period.

Short-term memory (STM), or working memory, is a temporary storage system that takes in information from sensory memory and can hold it for approximately 15 to 30 seconds. It is like information displayed on a computer screen, which can be easily accessed but is not stored permanently. On the other hand, long-term memory (LTM) refers to the continuous storage of information. It's akin to saving data on a hard drive, where the capacity is believed to be unlimited, and the information can be retrieved for extended periods.

Explicit memories within LTM are those we consciously try to remember, recall, and report, such as studying material for a chemistry exam. Implicit memories, another aspect of LTM, are not consciously accessed but still influence our behaviour and skills, such as riding a bicycle. Memories in LTM can also be retrieved in three different ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.