Question

Distinguish between neurons and neuroglia (p.360).

A) Neurons are supportive cells in the nervous system, while neuroglia are the primary functional cells responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.
B) Neurons are specialized cells for information processing and signal transmission, while neuroglia are non-conductive cells that provide structural support and maintain homeostasis.
C) Neurons and neuroglia are terms that are used interchangeably in the field of neuroscience to describe various types of nerve cells.
D) Neurons and neuroglia have the same structure and function and are often used to refer to different regions of the nervous system.

Answer 1

b) Neurons are specialized for signal transmission, whereas neuroglia provide structural and functional support to neurons. Neuroglia also contribute to signaling functions, complementing the role of neurons.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question requires distinguishing between neurons and neuroglia, which are two critical cell types in the nervous system. Option B is correct: Neurons are specialized cells responsible for information processing and signal transmission in the nervous system. They have the ability to transmit electrical and chemical signals via dendrites, which receive signals, and axons, which send signals to other cells. On the other hand, neuroglia, or simply glia, are supporting cells that assist in maintaining homeostasis, provide structural support, guide neuronal development, and protect neurons in various ways. While traditionally considered as supporting cells, glial cells have also been increasingly recognized to play a role in signal modulation, which complements the functions of neurons.