Final answer:
The limbic system includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus, among other structures. It is essential for regulating emotions, memory, and behavioral responses as well as various homeostatic processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is C, which states that the limbic system consists of the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus, and it plays a key role in emotions, memory, and behavioral regulation. The limbic system is integral to processing both emotion and memory. The hippocampus is crucial for learning and memory, the amygdala is involved in experiencing emotions and assigning emotional values to memories, and the cingulate gyrus helps in regulating emotions and pain. Additionally, other parts of the limbic system include parts of the thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus functions as a sensory relay center, and the hypothalamus is involved in regulating homeostatic processes such as body temperature, appetite, and blood pressure, as well as linking the nervous system to the endocrine system and managing sexual motivation and behavior.
The limbic system is often referred to as the emotional brain and is closely associated with the olfactory structures, explaining why smells can evoke strong emotional responses. Its components are central to our understanding of fear, pleasure, and anger and have roles in various psychological conditions, including mood and anxiety disorders.