Final answer:
The Second Triumvirate was established after the assassination of Julius Caesar and included Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus. The First Triumvirate consisted of Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great, and Crassus. Both alliances shaped the political and military landscape of Rome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Second Triumvirate was established following the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. This event led to the consolidation of power by Caesar's allies to bring order to Rome and retaliate against his murderers. The members of the Second Triumvirate included Mark Antony, Octavian (later known as Augustus), and Lepidus, as highlighted in the 43 BCE historical account. They worked together to seize control of Rome, avenge Caesar's death, and settle political scores. However, their alliance was one of convenience and did not last, with Mark Antony and Octavian eventually turning on Lepidus and each other, leading to further conflict.
The First Triumvirate, which came earlier, was an informal political alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great, and Crassus. This Triumvirate was more personal than official and revolved around mutual support and shared interests among these powerful Roman figures.