Final answer:
Under William and Mary's rule, Parliament gained the power to enact laws without royal suspension, to be called every three years, to control the nation's finances, to approve a peacetime standing army, along with ensuring free elections and freedom of speech within Parliament.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under the reign of William and Mary, Parliament gained significant powers which helped shape the constitutional monarchy of England. With the 1689 Bill of Rights and the Glorious Revolution, the powers of Parliament were greatly extended in several ways. Notably, the Bill of Rights ensured that Parliament's laws could not be suspended by the monarch, it had to be called at least every three years (the Triennial Act), and it gained the ability to control finances and maintain a standing army in peacetime with Parliamentary approval.
- William and Mary's acceptance of these conditions marked the first time that the monarchy agreed to such a significant limitation of its own power in favor of a representative government body.
- The right to regular elections and the freedom of speech within the Parliamentary proceedings were also established.
- The Petition of Right and the English Bill of Rights guaranteed free elections and rights for those accused of crimes, setting England on a path towards a more democratic system.