Final answer:
The term 'hypothesis' is most closely related to 'suggestion'. Statements about an apple falling involve physical principles like gravity. The statement on majority rule being insufficient for a preferred outcome in the presence of multiple choices is true, illustrating the Condorcet paradox.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement asking which word is closest in meaning to the hypothesis should be answered as false when the options are fact, law, formula, suggestion, and conclusion. The correct answer is a suggestion, as a hypothesis in the scientific context is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, a starting point for further investigation.
Regarding the apple falling from a tree, statements about this situation would involve physics principles such as gravity and could be tested for their truth value.
The concept of majority rule failing to produce a single preferred outcome with more than two choices is a statement related to Social Studies and governance, and the statement is true. This is known as Condorcet's paradox or the voting paradox in social choice theory.