Final answer:
Chain stores are typically operations with six or more units, exemplifying economies of scale and the McDonaldization process with standardized and systematized operations.
Step-by-step explanation:
When authors refer to chain stores, they are generally referring to operations that have multiple units or locations. Although the specific number that constitutes a chain store can vary by context and source, in academic and industry discussions, it typically means operations having six or more units.
This definition aligns with business concepts such as economies of scale and the process of McDonaldization, where businesses standardize and systematize operations to maximize efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control. Examples of such chain operations include major grocery stores, which have organized departments like dairy, meats, produce, and have hundreds of products in each aisle as per the provided descriptions. These businesses benefit from economies of scale, allowing for consistent product offerings and pricing across all locations.