Final answer:
Peptide release termination is catalyzed by release factors, which facilitate the release of the completed polypeptide and the dissociation of the ribosome. The energy for these processes is derived from GTP hydrolysis, although the exact quantitative energy requirement is not specified.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the process of protein synthesis, peptide release termination occurs when a stop codon is reached. The ribosome encounters a termination codon, and this signals for release factors to catalyze several important reactions. These factors, specifically RF1, RF2, and RF3, facilitate the hydrolysis of the terminal peptidyl tRNA, allowing for the release of the completed polypeptide and the last tRNA molecule. Furthermore, they help in the dissociation of the ribosome into its 30S and 50S subunits.
The energy required for these processes comes primarily from the hydrolysis of GTP (guanosine triphosphate), which is similar to ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Each step of peptide elongation, including the peptidyl transferase reaction, utilizes the energy derived from GTP hydrolysis. It's important to note that while the question implies an interest in quantifying energy used for the termination process specifically, details provided mainly describe the sequence of events and molecules involved without directly quantifying the amount of energy in a readily measurable form like Kcal/mole or joules.